Compact Client Side Filtering (Neutrino) — The Van Wirdum Sjorsnado 25

Compact client-side filtering is a newer solution to accomplish similar goals as SPV, but without the loss of privacy. This works, in short, by having full node operators create a cryptographic data structure that tells the light client user whether a block could have contained activity pertaining to its addresses, so the user can keep track of its funds by downloading only a small subset of all Bitcoin blocks.
Van Wirdum and Provoost explained how this works in more detail, and discussed some of the tradeoffs of this solution.